Before

End-of-terrace house, built in 1887, good structure but inappropriate heating, minimal insulation (in loft) and dampness in two walls.

Solid walls, 2 rows of bricks, 27cm (U-value=2.6); south wall (weather front) was very wet and some dampness in the kitchen (east); otherwise only minor dampness; good structure of brick walls.

Single-glazed sash windows in the back; single-glazed outward opening windows with lead inlay in front (ca. 50 years old) (U=4 or 5?)

Floors: Wood with carpets (U=3.8), no insulation underneath.

Heating: Electric storage heaters and electric fireplaces

Electric water heater with copper cylinder, no insulation